Obsession's
expressive forms
Carlo
Franza
Those
who, like us, have been dealing with contemporary art for quite a long
time, are probably aware of how every artist, painter, sculptor and visual
operator, live their time as if it were marked by a fever, an uncontrollable
stress.
We
know that at first stress developed as a concept in the medical field and
only later in the psychological one.
Stress
and mental fatigue-related reactions in artists, creators, men of letters,
painters and sculptors are the organic outcomes of prolonged or intense
fatigue states that one is unable to cope with properly.
Furthermore,
much depends upon the kind of personality one has: on the one hand there
is the extroverted personality and on the other the “obsessive” one, the
latter being a typical feature of artists, humorous people, fanatics, schizophrenics
having a strong emotional sphere and mainly a strong sensitivity that sometimes
borders coldness. Many artists magnified emotions, and many of them outlined
an obsessive path. Abstract art began on such considerations, and the maniacal
repetition of forms, squares, rectangles and circles for example, started
from the assumption to stop all motions and impulses. So we have Albers
who painted a series of “homage to the square” for all his life and wrote
the tones and the kind of colours he used on the back of his paintings;
we have Mondrian with his paintings of backgrounds made with the primary
colours; we have the American Ad Reinhardt with his paintings that were
apparently painted black but that were actually bluish, brown or violet.
Many
artists created their “own style” that is a sign of obsessive mania even
in its details, an obsessive run-up not to distort the image given to the
public, like Robert Ryman's white canvases.
To
tell the truth, the entire American art of the sixties was based on repetition
and on obsession. Minimalism played a key role; Donald Judd's works were
perfectionist; Sol Lewitt's Wall Drawings followed precise rules; the French
followed a serial pattern, too: Daniel Buren with his “strings” and Daniel
Taroni with his blue little squares.
Still
in the sixties Capogrossi's maniacal “forks” and Remo Bianco's tableaux
dorées, a sequence of squares and golden rectangles, became rather
popular in Italy. The “Accumulations” by Aman, the lively French who was
a representative of Nouveau Realism who spread tubes of colours on his
canvases, are part of this trend, too.
Just
as interesting are the famous trash sculptures, the obsessive search for
parts and waste materials. Fear of life and death can be read behind the
repetition of Allan Mc Collum's “Vehicles” that are pastel vases and, actually,
cinerary urns.
It
is impossible not to mention the support-works by Felix Gonzales Torres,
the artist who died of AIDS who gave a shape to his objects using piles
of candies and who asked people to make his work die through little gluttonous
thefts.
This
obsessive trend that can still be seen in artistic creations is recent
and goes back to the Sixties.
Just
think of the German Hanne Darboven who built diagrams by means of numbers,
pentagrams and cards. Important dates, thoughts from diaries, personal
details: everything comes to the surface with this obsessive, undulatory,
flowing and often unintelligible writing. Speaking of numbers, even the
Polish Opalka Roman loved to use them to mark his existence: the progressive
numbering used black to make the past grey and a higher percentage of white
to underscore the ending year. In this way the artist thought that black
would completely disappear and only white would remain at the end of his
life.
It
is funny to think how the American On Kawara used art in an obsessive way:
at first with telegrams in his works which said that he was alive (1976)
and then black paintings on which he put the date in white characters,
linking the whole work with the country he was and with the addition of
a newspaper.
Every
painting was then put inside a box that included the newspaper: the whole
work thus became a cold record of a life that is always dramatic, always
different and often the source of anxiety and obsessions. Cold repetition
could be seen in Andy Warhol's works, too, with his pop art with the repetition
of Marilyn Monroes' face, and in Duane Hanson and Charles Eastes who go
from reality to illusion; but even in Piero Manzoni with his lines and
his “Artist's shit”.
The
urbanised society gave incredible examples of self-control and one would
think that even art resorted to obsession to show its anxiety, its worries,
its constraint and repetition.
Repeating
the tastes, repeating the ideas, repeating the works, repeating the signs,
the signals, sending feelings and emotions away meant giving space to coldness
and to maniacal rituals. |
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Lucio Fontana
Concetto Spaziale
(1960)
cementite bleu, cm 92x73
Firenze, Centro Tornabuoni
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Piero Manzoni
Merda d'artista,
1961
scatola metallica
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Andy Warhol
Marylin, 1962
cm. 51,1x40,9
Collezione Robert. C.
Scull
Quattro barattoli
di zuppa Campbell, 1965
olio e serigrafia su
tela cm. 90x60
Modern Art di New York
Leo Castelli Gallery
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